چکیده انگلیسی (89)

Mortmain sale

Ahmad Ali Ghaneh

Abstract

In this paper, licensed and unlicensed mortmain sale have been studied. In some of religious books such as Makaseb (written by Sheikh Ansari), the licensed inventories of Waqf have been described to ten. In this research, five important cases have been studied and the words of the great jurists have been remarked. The author has been tried to consider traditions, judgments and the words of grate jurists and has coordinated Waqf orders as Islamic signature sentence. According to author point of view, Waqf is not only piety sentence but it is a wise method to participate in welfare and good works. In this paper, the readers will find that the author’s opinion is in direction with jurists.

Key words: Waqf, sale, endowment, special Waqf, public Waqf.

Endowed buildings in Maragheh during Ilkhanid period (review of endowed observatory collection)

Behzad Mahdizadeh, Hossein Naseri

Abstract

Maragheh city is the first capital of Mongol Ilkhans with an important role in Ilkhanid era events. Special architecture position of this city is related to Waqf. So in this era, parallel to development of urban building with a focus on Waqf tradition, Maragheh has been considered by four endowed buildings; observatory collection located outside the city and three other buildings located in city center. With due attention to the importance of endowed buildings in Ilkhanid era, it is necessary to consider their role in Maragheh city. The authors believe that these buildings have been caused of development to the west and the north. In Islamic cities of Iran, mosques, schools and Bazar are the main building and endowment of these buildings has been leaded to increase of their performance. The main goal of this research is to introduce of endowed buildings using written reports and archeology data and as a result, to identification of building identity (as far as the Waqf) and their approximate location in the city.

Key words: Maragheh city, endowed buildings, written resources, observatory collection.

Some of wooden endowed properties belonging to 8th century AH

Zahra Jafarifard

Abstract

Waqf is one of the important traditions with a long history and Islam has leaded it to clear, rational, purposeful, progressive and accurate direction. In various Islamic eras, this tradition has been developed especially in 8th century AH because there are many endowed buildings belonging to this era. In addition to endowed buildings, there are various endowed objects such as wooden objects including pulpit, door and lectern which are endowed for mosques, shrines and religious schools. In addition to their technical and art values, they are valuable for having inscriptions full of religious contents. Local ruler and grandees have endowed these objects to religious sites. The main goal of this research is to introduce of wooden objects belong to 8th century AH, study of their technical and art specifications and also study of inscriptions content and benefactors. At the end of this research, it was concluded that in the same period, wooden objects endowment was a good work and the benefactors tried to endow objects with regard to considered place. All of data are provided by library and field studies with historical- analytical approach.

Key words: 8th century AH, endowed wooden objects, pulpit, door, lectern.

Zanjan endowed bridges in Qajar period (Mirbaha, Sardar and Sayyed Bridges)

Ali Noorallahi

Abstract

For ever since the world was created, people have attempted to overcome the natural barriers such as rivers and streams. For that, they have used primary source such as trunks and churns. But regard to population growth, forming human societies, commercial relationship and wars, architects and engineers build magnificent bridges on rivers to facilitate these relations. With the development of technology, many of innovative designs were introduced. Iran country is located on high altitude with numerous steep gradient rivers and fast flow which were cause of problems in cultural and communication relationships. So the oldest bridges are found on Iran plateau. In this paper, three bridges belong to Qajar period on Zanjan River, the effective cultural factors to build of these bridges and their role in economic needs and their relationship with Bazar have been studied.

Key words: Zanjan, Mirbaha Bridge, Sayyed Mohammad Bridge, Sardar Bridge, Waqf.

Review of »Molla Ahmad« deed of endowment

Mahdi Barikarsafi Abstract In this paper, components and internal and external structure of a deed of endowment have been studied in which some of water resource and the earth of Aliabad plain located in Aran Va Bidgol county have been endowed. Their benefactor is one of the grate scholars in this county, Molla Ahmad Bidgoli. He is son of Molla Mohammad Jafar of Jebel Amel family which have moved to this area to Shi?isim promotion. Some of famous scholars in this family are Molla Mohamad Baqer, Molla Ali Akbar, Molla Mohsen and Molla Abolqasem. This deed of endowment is written by one of the scholars and famous people in Aran Va Biadgol, Abdul baqi ibn Mohammad Taqi Tabatabai Bidgoli in the year 1293AH. The main reason to study of this deed is its full structure and accurate writing. In this deed of endowment, subjects such as the name of benefactor, his/her intention and endowed properties have been mentioned which represents knowledge of benefactors and scribe about Waqf and its time and place have been described. Two years later, another waqf is registered behind mentioned deed of endowment. Since the benefactor and the scribe of deed have been from scholars, review of deed of endowment show that it is written in detail without of words. So, at the end of deed of endowment, the writer has warned about change of writing style and typeface.

Key words: deed of endowment, Aliabad farm, Molla Ahmad Khalaf, Molla Mohammad Jafar Bigdeli.

Shrine of Sayyed Mosa Mobargha and his family

Gholam Reza Gholi Zavareh

Abstract

Mosa Mobargha, son of Imam Javad and Samaneh, was born in Madineh in the year 214 AH. When Imam Mohammad Taqi (PBUH) was invited to Baghdad and became a martyr, Mosa Mobargha was six. After that under supervision of his brother, Imam Hadi (PBUH), he achieved to intellectual development. Shia narrators have confirmed his reliability and quoted some traditions from him. By reducing the Abbasid repression, Mosa Mobargha moved to Qom and considered by Imams components, heads of shite and Muslims. He passed away in the year 296 AH and was buried in his house. His tomb and some of his family are located in Chehel Akhtaran, Qom. Many of scientists, religious scholars and custodian of mosques and pilgrimage places in Qom are from this family. Some of Razavi, Taghavi, barghaie and mobarghaie Sadat are related to Emamzadeh Mosa Mobargha whom have been scattered in Qom, Hamedan, Mashhadm Keshmir and other cities. According to orders of Safavid and Qajar rulers, some of mentioned Sadat has been appointed to custodianship of holy threshold of Fatimah Masumeh Shrine, Imam Hassan Asgari mosque and custodians of endowed properties in Qom.

Key words: Imam Javad, Imam Hadi, Mosa Mobargha, Madineh, Baghdad, Kofeh, Qom.

An introduction on paper collection of “holy shrines and cultural life”

Sayyed Amir Hossein Kamrani Rad

Abstract

Holy shrines are valuable heritage of Ahl al- Bayt which are scattered around the world and Muslims respect them. Ahl al- Bayt friendship is like relationship with God and presents a kind of assurance, peace of mind and God’s blessing. Before, three of four volumes of papers collection at the first international congress in Holy Shrine which was hold in Isfahan in 10-11 September in Isfahan, were introduced. Since Supreme leader, Ayatollah Khamenei, has emphasized on holy shrine as a cultural center, one of the main goal of this congress has been carried out of his order. Also, providing perfect solution to pious foundation has been considered. In this direction, selected essays about “holy shrines and cultural life” were published which are introduced in this article.

Key words: Emamzadeh, holy shrines, culture, pilgrimage, cultural center.