چکیده انگلیسی (90)

The effect of Waqf on the historic structures and old composition of cities (case study: Tehran) Hassan Karimian Mohammad Jafar Hatamian Some experts in ancient cities believe that Waqf is the best and more effective factor in forming and keeping the historic composition. In addition to religious cities in which many of nonresidential areas has been formed by benefactors, there are other cities which are made based on endowed collections. So, study of Waqf operations in forming and developing of old composition of cities in Iran help to providing conservative plans for these areas. The goal of this research was to determine the effect of Waqf on keeping old composition of Tehran, analysis of ancient areas and providing a plan for keeping these areas using the study of historic documents and remained endowed samples. Characteristics of sixty endowed buildings in the Tehran Bazar area were studied in the form of field studies, tables and diagrams. The results showed that Waqf is an effective factor in keeping historic areas. When a building endows for pious purpose, any involvement in it (without permission of religious authorities) will be limit. Also, according to the benefactor idea, some part of endowments income are used to repair and maintenance of endowed properties.

Key words: Waqf, endowed area, endowed collections, Tehran old composition.

Various economic viewpoints of the endowments and circumstances of the improvement Sayyed Mojtaba Sajjadi Jezi Waqf is holding certain properties and preserving them for the confined benefit of certain intentions and is promoted in Islamic societies in the rise and spread of Islam. It aims at supporting and help to the poor segment of the society and all economic activities. So during the time, we have met many endowments in economic viewpoints. When a custodian institution lead them in a special direction, their efficiency will be increased; otherwise, it will be decreased. The pious foundation is a trustee to the endowments and tries to improve economic aspects of endowments. The main goal of this research is to introduce economic position of Waqf and economic improvement of Waqf.

Key words: Waqf, pious foundation, economic, endowments efficiency.

The effect of endowed institutes on traditional bazar in Amol Shahram Yousofifar Masomeh Yadollahpoor The social and economic effects of Waqf on daily living and urban activities are widespread. Amol is an ancient city located in Iran which and for that, Waqf is a basic factor in continuity of economic and religious institutes especially in Bazar. In Iran and in the old cities, Bazars are important urban centres in which these relations are direct. In this research the effect of Waqf on ancient Bazars stability has been studied and the role of Waqf in providing different needs has been determined. For that, twenty four endowed documents have been rewritten. Then using library studies and interviews with owners of endowed places in Amol Bazar, the efficiency of these institutes in Amol city and Bazar has been studied. Key words: Amol, Waqf, endowed institutes, Waqf efficiency, Bazar, Amol Bazar.== ==The study of Mr. Steeed endowment in Kermanshh Sattar Karami Waqf is not only important in the economic and social field, but is important in culture point of view. One of the outstanding examples is orphanages schools construction by the benefactors. Many of orphans have been kept and studied in these cultural centres. An American benefactor, Mr. Francis Morely Steed, has been active in Kermanshah in the year 1300 A.H. He has bought land and garden in the Dorod Faraman village, Kermanshah, and has endowed it for financing of orphanages school in that village. In this research, Mr Steed endowment, his old history and activities have been studied briefly.

==Key words: Waqf, endowment, Mr. Steeed, orphanages school, Astad Abad.==

A case study about endowed bathroom in Paghale?e, Nahavand Nasrin Beik Mohammadi Khalilallh Beik Mohammadi Mohsen Janjan Traditionally washing, dressing and cleanliness have been important. In Iran, body washing has been important from two points of view: body cleaning and hygiene and also ritual and religious aspects (purification and ceremonial washing). There are two kind of bath: public and private bath. Regard to emphasize of Islam on cleanliness, religious laws especially ceremonial washing, and necessity of having baths near holy places especially shrines, having endowed public baths have been important in urban- architecture area so that it has considered one of the main factors in urban designing. Due to the importance of endowed baths in Nahavand, four public baths remained from Qajar era have been studied. Paghale?e bath has a stone deed of endowment and date of construction is defined above of entrance door. This paper aims to recognize mentioned deed of endowment, body of structure, materials, builders and history of building. Due to analysis, comparing and description of different plans and methods of bath building in Nahavanh in Qajar era, the mentioned bath is studied.

Key words: Nahavand, Qajar, Bath, Paghalee, Nahavand, architectutre.

Ghasem Khan School deed of endowment Hamideh Abdollahi Ali Beik Ehsan Fatahi Ardakani Ghasem Khan School is one of the famous seminaries in Tehran (in Qajar era) which is constructed by Amir Ghasem Khan. After that, his daughter, Mahd-e Olia (mother of Naseruddin shah) developed it and this school has been known as school of the Shahs mother. This school developed in the year of 1264 A.H and finished in 1272. This paper review the endowment date of school, place determination for . that, introducing mentioned people in this deed and rectification of deed of endowment. Key words: deed of endowment, Ghasem Khan School, Mahde Olia, Eetezad Alsaltameh, Agha Ali Modarres,== Molla Hossein Monajjem, Abdolvahab Esfahani.== The verses and narrations in the introduction of Rob?e Rashidi deed of endowment Maryam Saghafi In Iran, Waqf has a long history and its impact on the development of educational and scientific institutes has been recognized. On the one hand, Waqf is considered from religious point of view; on the other hand it has important effect on the aspects of politic and country affairs so that in the Samanid era, Owqaf court has been established to investigate the endowment affairs. Waqf was used in two directions: effect on economic and currency circulation and also development and efficiency of schools, mosques, convents, charity places such as hospitals, karvanserai and cisterns. Terms and conditions of Waqf were determined in documents and deed of endowments by the benefactors. One of longest and the most common documents is Rob?e Rashidi deed of endowment which is provided in form of benefactor’s hand writing. This research aims to study the introduction of mentioned deed of endowment, the reasons of Rob?e Rashidi land endowment which are mentioned by Rashid Addin Fazlollah and verses and narrations which he had relied on them.

Key words: verses, narrations, deed of endowment, Robe Rashidi, Rashid Addin Fazlollah.

The profile of deed of endowment for Sarayan cisterns in south khorasan Bahram Enani Fakhroddin Mohammadian Khadijeh Sharif Kazemi In arid areas, natural factors such as water resource deficiency and high temperature have leaded the residents to appreciate the value of water and apply systems for better utilization of water so in Sarayan area, located in south Khorasan, many of cisterns have been provided. Many of them have been constructed by the benefactors. Usually the texts of deed of endowments are as stony inscription in which the name of benefactor and some of political, social and cultural affairs related to those period have been mentioned. The aim of this research is to study of deed of endowments related to cisterns and polls and also quality of Waqf in Sarayan area since Safavid time to now. The method used in this research is historical- analytical and data has been collected as field and library studies. According to the results, Waqf in Sarayan has not been allocated to special time but naturally, it has been applied in people life. Key words: cistern, Waqf, deed of endowment, Sarayan.== ==Study of some of the holy religious mausoleums in Ramsar Mohammad Shormij In Iran, after mosques holy religious mausoleums and shrines have more effect on peace and spiritual growth of society. Many of devoted people and pilgrims visit these places which are considered as religious tourism infrastructures. So in this research some of holly religious mausoleum in Ramsar have been studied. The results show that some of holy religious mausoleum in Ramsar can be considered as the religious tourism centres which have been introduced in library and filed method. Key words: Ramsar, religious mausoleum, Sadat Alavi.== ==An introduction on “knowledge of Waqf origin” Sayyed Amir Hossein Kamrani Rad Waqf bibliography introduces previous texts about Waqf and is an important directory of all of actions, experiences and writing initiatives in the field of Waqf. Also, it shows integrated movements of Islamic scholars in the field of Waqf. The book of “knowledge of Waqf origin” includes some parts of books, papers, thesis and manuscripts about Waqf and is provided in six section: title, the author and date of publication, language, type, keeping place and subject and for each work, specific sub- components. This book is the most comprehensive report about Waqf bibliography which is written by Sayyed Ahmad Sjjadi Jezi in which 6239 Farsi, Arabic and Ordu documents have been collected. Each introduction includes subjects and related references. This book is a perfect list of published texts about Waqf to the end of 2014 A.H.