چکیده انگلیسی(91-92)

Waqf and economy

Nader Riahi Samani

In this research, using theoretical description about Waqf and charity affairs as the third part of economy, types of Waqf properties have been described to help rulers and researchers to finding possible solutions to Waqf problems. In this research, endowed properties have been divided to profit and benefit endowments in which the most emphasize has been on benefit endowments. The researcher has recognized the properties of this group and suggested solutions to meet the Waqf challenges. Also, some of solutions to challenges that have been recognized as obstacles to development of the third part have been discussed. The main goal of this research is to provide an efficient achievement for the rulers and researchers using combining theoretical approach to institutional and administrative areas.

Key words: the third part of economy, profit endowments, benefit endowments, Waqf bank.

Waqf recording by Sheikh Saddoq

Sayyed Mohsen Mosavi

Waqf recording is one of the writing areas in the field of Fiqh and Hadith. Writing about Waqf specially those have been narrated by innocent imams and leaders are important in virtues, customs and Waqf sentences description, so it helps to development of Waqf culture. Abu Jafar Mohammad ibn Ali ibn Baboyeh Qomi is known as Sheikh Saddoq who has written two independent books about Waqf. In this description research, his works on Waqf and other distributed contents in his books have been studied.

Key words: Waqf, Waqf recording, Sheikh Saddoq.

Study of Waqf in Buwayhid period

Zeinab Izadi Nia

During the time, Waqf has been one of the social phenomena. With the advent of Islam, it has emphasize by the holy Prophet Muhammad (P.B.U.H) and holy Imams. Waqf has also had important effects on human society so by using religious instructions, the Muslims have developed Waqf culture. In the fourth and fifth A.H. in which Islamic culture and civilization was progressing, Buwayhid family dominated on Abbasid dynasty and established Shiite and Islamic government in Iraq and Iran for a century and half. Buwayhid governors and ministers had different motives in Waqf culture development and built mosques, schools and utility services. The main goal of this research is to study of endowments by governors, ministers and the grandees of Buwayhid destiny and their motives for Waqf.

Key words: Waqf, endowments, governors, ministers, Buwayhid destiny.

Study of Waqf in Buwayhid period

Zeinab Izadi Nia

During the time, Waqf has been one of the social phenomena. With the advent of Islam, it has emphasize by the holy Prophet Muhammad (P.B.U.H) and holy Imams. Waqf has also had important effects on human society so by using religious instructions, the Muslims have developed Waqf culture. In the fourth and fifth A.H. in which Islamic culture and civilization was progressing, Buwayhid family dominated on Abbasid dynasty and established Shiite and Islamic government in Iraq and Iran for a century and half. Buwayhid governors and ministers had different motives in Waqf culture development and built mosques, schools and utility services. The main goal of this research is to study of endowments by governors, ministers and the grandees of Buwayhid destiny and their motives for Waqf.

Key words: Waqf, endowments, governors, ministers, Buwayhid destiny.

Waqf position in social and cultural structure of Qazvin

Fereshteh Mohammadi

In spite of emphasize on the devotion and spending the endowed profits according to the intent of benefactor in theory and practice, there are no comprehensive and systematic information and resources about endowed properties and founders records. This research is provided using document and library method in which using documents, inscriptions and deeds of endowment remained since the beginning of Islam to the end of Qajar period in Qazvin, the role of endowments and benefactors in Qazvin have been identified directly or indirectly. In this research by using reliable documents, the goals and efficiency of endowed properties and also the benefactors’ motives and rang of endowment to replace quoted endowments records in Qazvin have been described. It leads to attention to dedicated properties which have brought negligence. Since there are many dedicated properties in Qazvin, so dedicated documents have been collected and analyzed.

Key words: Waqf, endowments, benefactors, Qazvin, Islam, Qajar.

Endowments resources and consumptions/utilizations management

Sayyed Mojtaba Sajjadi Jazi

During the Islamic periods, there have been many institutions by the government which have managed Waqf affairs directly or indirectly. In the Islamic societies, Waqf is considered as the third economic and social pillar. By virtue of the importance of Waqf in society and its widespread affairs, there is a custodian institution in each society. In Iran, according to statutes and juristic rules about resources and consumptions management, Awqaf and charity organization is Waqf trustee. There is a little research about the importance of resources and consumptions management so in this research, some of its important aspects has been studied.

Key words: Waqf, endowments, endowment management, dedicated management, dedicated properties consumption.

Endowed villages and their appurtenances in Mazandaran

Masomeh Yadollahpoor

In Iran, village social position is the smallest unit in the country division which has provided on the basis of time position of village. Many of endowed villages have had important effect on the growth of cities. In Qajar era, economy in Iran was on the basis of village economy, so in Mazandaran, many of villages and their appurtenances have been endowed. These endowments cover agriculture, livestock and wood needs so they have important role in continuity of living system in the village. The main goal of this research is to study of deeds of endowment in three counties of Mazandaran.

Key words: Waqf, village, pastures, Mazandaran.

Study of women’s endowments in Timurid period

Zohreh Alizadeh, Ali Sam

Islam and holy Imams have emphasized on Waqf so during the time, it has been considered by Muslims. In the Timurid period, there have been many endowed properties by kings, governors and women. This period is important in the history of Iran in which the women had activities in political, economic and art fields. In this research, the endowed assets provided by women in Timurid period has been studied. According to data, these endowed properties include religious building (mosques, schools, holy mausoleums) and charitable buildings (Qanat, cisterns, clinics) for providing welfare of Muslims. The most famous women in the Waqf field in this period are Ghoharshad Agha, Toman Agha, Parizad Khanoom and Habibeh Soltan. Many parts of these endowed properties have belonged to women from religious and government capitals, Khorasan and Samarkand. Motives of Timutid women to Waqf has been religious motive and their endowments have paved the way for developing architecture art, writing and painting and development of Khorasan and Samarkand. The research is conducted with descriptive- analytical method based on library data collection.

Key words: women, Timurid period, architecture, Waqf, endowed properties.

The role of endowments foundation in management and monitoring of specific endowments

Mohammad Hadi Daraie

Abdollah Ghanjkhani

The will of benefactor in providing a Waqf legal institution is considered as constitution, so the limitations of special endowment foundation are determined using contents of constitution. But the influence of the will of benefactor in determination of administrative organs for special endowments is subjected to some circumstances such as confidence and competence in the furtherance of endowment affairs. In the absence of these circumstances and even incidence of death and negligence of deputies, existence of a non-aligned authority can be important in adjustment and improvement of social endowments affairs. The base of the involvement and supervision of this authorities inferred from legal principles of supreme leader and is evaluated on the basis of special Waqf interests and future generations. Duty of special endowment supervision is charged with Awqaf and charity organization which is different according to the benefactor performance. However, it doesn’t ignore doctrine of management and supervision of endowment and charity foundation on special endowment. The role of this foundation is not limited to the legal evidences and its criteria is endowment interest and future generations. Not only it is in direction with Waqf independence, but it has positive effects on legal, judicial and economic affairs and leads to special endowments success.

Key words: special endowment, governor, trustee, supervisor, Awqaf organization.

Endowed books of Novab School, Mashhad (on the basis of endowed books of Fazel Bastami and his child)

Sayyed Hadi Miraghaie

Undoubtedly, people and the governments have been indebted to the benefactors whom have constructed public buildings with pious and benevolent intentions. According to the Quran verse “hasten to (do) good works “the benefactors have endowed many of their properties as mosques, schools, hospitals and other buildings. In Mashhad, one of the important actions of the benefactors in Timurid period and afterward especially in Safavid era is construction of religious school for religious scholars which has been recognized as scientific- religious movement. Since Shahrokh period, attention to the Quran verses has leaded to establishment of schools in Mashhad. Novab religious School has been established near Imam Reza shrine by one of the guardian Sadat Razavi, Mirza Abu Saleh Novab. Because he was a religious scientist, he established a library in the school and endowed some books to that. In this research, some of samples and list of endowed books founded in this library on the basis of endowed books of Fazel Bastami and his son are studied.

Key words: Waqf, Novab School, Mashhad, library, book, endowed books, Fazel Bastami.

Hakim al- Mulk Ardestani and his endowments

Effat Khoshnoodi Waqf is an islamic tradition which has been emphasized in Islam and has recommended by the holy Prophet Muhammad (P.B.U.H) and holy Imams. So during the history, many of Muslims have paid great attention to this tradition and have dedicated all or some part of their properties to materialize the divine command. One of the benefactors whom has endowed his properties for God’s sake and immortality of his name is “Hakim al-Molk Ardestani”. Hakim al- Molk treated medically the Indian king’s daughter and received many gifts and assets. He endowed them as general and special endowments. The most important general and special endowments are Kasegaran School and Oladi (offsprings) endowment, respectively which the last has been endowed for Sayyed Rohallah offspring. The main goal of this research is to introduce of Hakim al- Molk Ardestani, study of his general and special endowments and study of some of important points in Kasegaran School and his descendants deed of endowments.

Key words: Hakim al-Molk Ardestani, Waqf, deed of endowment, Kasegaran School, offspring deed of endowment

A Qanat deed on endowment in Zanjan

Parastoo Qasemi Andarood One of the most important Waqf motivations is propensity to immortality. Benefactors endow their properties to others and leave a good name. In this research, one of the famous benefactors, Haj Mir Bahaoddin Zanjani, has been introduced who has endowed charitable buildings in Zanjan. In this paper, one of his deeds of endowment in 1952 has been reviewed. The mentioned deed of endowment is related to a Qanat in the north of Zanjan which is endowed for Zanjan residents.

Key words: deed of endowment, Mir Bahaoddin Zanjani, Qanat, Zanjan, Ahmad Shah Qajar period.

New find inscription about Imamzadeh Mohsen in Hamedan

Khousro Mohammadi

Similar to previous cultural and historical periods, there are some stone description in Qajar era which include religious orders were considered as a mass media. The oldest stone inscriptions are found during from Mesopotamia civilization and ancient dynasties. Ghanjnameh in Iran is one of the oldest stone inscription. In Qajar era, stone inscriptions were common procedures for delivering government- religious orders. New find inscription belongs to “Bahman Mirza” son of “Abbas Mirza Qajar” which was about tax abatement lending to the villagers in “Vafarjin” and “Mamashah (Mavshan)” for rebuilding of “Imamzadeh Mohsen”. In this paper, Qajar stone inscription is reviewed and “Bahman Mirza” biography is provided. Key words: Hamedan, Mavshan valley, Imamzadeh Mohsen, Bahman Mirza, stone inscription.

==Study of booklet related to endowments of mausoleum of Imamzadeh Ali ibn- Muhammad al- Bagher (P.B.U.H)(Mashahd Ardehal, ==Kashan Mehdi Barikarsafi This research paper attempts to study endowments booklet related to mausoleum of Imamzadeh Ali ibn- Mohammad al- Bagher (P.B.U.H) located in Mashhad Ardahal Kashan. The mentioned booklet has been confirmed by Molla Mohammad Naraghi, son of Molla Ahmad Naraghi which is written in 1266 A.H. and is used as a directive to bailment of holy shrine affairs. More than twenty mausoleum endowments have been introduced in this booklet such as water, tree, farm and shop which because of Kashan people’s interest to ahl al- Bayt specially Imam Ali ibn Muhammad al- bagher have been endowed. Study of this booklet help to review of endowments and review of a text related to Qajar era, and provides a clear description about cultural, construction and management activities in the mentioned mausoleum.

Key words: Ali ibn- Muhammad al- Bagher holy shrine, Mashhad Ardehal, booklet, endowments.

An introduction on selected articles in national congress on shrines with a focus on “Hossein ibn Mosa Kazem (PBUH)

Sayyed Amir Hossein Kamrani Rad

Changing holy places to the cultural centers needs to scientific attention appropriate to the time and place circumstances and using new technologies so it is needed to have comprehensive scientific researches to design a model for that in which Islamic culture and knowledge being used. The second national congress on shrines with a focus on “Hossein ibn Mosa Kazem (PBUH) was hold in Tabas in which personality of magnanimous Imams has been introduced and change of their shrines to the centers for development of Islamic life style has been studied. 236 papers were received in three fields: recognition of Hossein ibn Mosa Kazem? personality, cultural role of shrines, and study of architecture of shrines and holy places. Finally, 18 articles printed as a book which are studied in this paper. This book is provided by researchers on the occasion of holding celebration of the commemoration of Imam Hossein ibn Mosa Kazem and his shrine and hoping that help to other researchers to study about his personality, profit by others researches and in line with intention of supreme leader, change this shrine to the important cultural place in country.

Key words: shrine, holy shrines, culture, architecture, Imam Hossein ibn Mosa Kazem.